"Inteligência e Inteligência Artificial" é o tema da quarta edição da Intercontinental Academia (ICA4), com Sessão de Abertura online de 13 a 18 de junho. As demais sessões acontecerão em outubro em Paris, França, e em junho de 2022 em Belo Horizonte.

A Intercontinental Academia é um projeto da Ubias, rede internacional de institutos de estudos avançados vinculados a universidades. Cada edição é organizada por dois IEAs de diferentes continentes. A ICA4 é uma realização do Instituto de Estudos Avançados Interdisciplinares (Ieat) da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) e do Instituto de Estudos Avançados de Paris (integrante da Rede Francesa de IEAs). [Leia sobre as edições anteriores no box abaixo.]

O objetivo da Ubias desde que implantou o projeto em 2015 tem sido criar redes globais de futuros líderes de pesquisa, para que trabalhem juntos em mudanças de paradigmas e pesquisas transdisciplinares sob a mentoria de eminentes pesquisadores de várias parte do mundo.

Participantes brasileiros da ICA4 (a partir da esq.): André Fujita, Patricia Coelho de Soárez e Evandro Castro

Segundo os organizadores da ICA4, a edição irá explorar questões interdisciplinares fundamentais na intersecção da ciência cognitiva, neurociência e inteligência artificial (IA).

Ao ressaltar a importância do tema da edição, eles destacam que avanços decisivos têm ocorrido nas últimas décadas na análise da atividade cerebral e sua contraparte comportamental, bem como nas ciências de processamento de informações. "Complementaridades entre neurociência/ciência cognitiva e IA possibilitam a exploração de sinergias e levantam questões éticas entre essas disciplinas, que envolvem desafios e oportunidades enormes para o progresso da sociedade."

Em paralelo a Sessão 2, programada para junho de 2022, em Belo Horizonte, serão realizada uma Sessão Satélite na UFMG, com conferências e mesas-redondas e a participação de mentores da ICA4 e outros convidados do meio acadêmico e do setor produtivo, com transmissão ao vivo pela internet.

Alguns dos temas dessa sessão serão: "Fundamentos e Ética da IA", "Inteligência e Racionalidade", "Cognição e Neurociências", "Explorações Interdisciplinares da IA" e "IA e Ciências da Saúde".

Selecionados

Dos 60 candidatos a participar da 4ª ICA  (23 deles brasileiros), foram escolhidos 19 pesquisadores atuantes em universidades e institutos de pesquisa do Brasil, Alemanha, França, Reino Unido, Polônia, Estados Unidos, Japão, África do Sul, Israel e Países Baixos. As áreas de pesquisa dos selecionados incluem matemática, computação, engenharia, direito, filosofia, linguística, neurociência e história.

Os três brasileiros selecionados são: o cientista de computação André Fujita (indicado pelo IEA-USP), professor associado do Departamento de Computação do Instituto de Matemática e Estatística (IME) da USP; a  professora associada Patricia Coelho de Soárez (com inscrição independente), do Departamento de Medicina Preventiva da Faculdade de Medicina (FM) da USP, especialista em avaliação tecnológica e econômica em saúde e em modelos de análise de decisão; e o linguista computacional Evandro Cunha (indicado pelo Ieat), professor da Faculdade de Letras da UFMG.

A expectativa de Fujita é participar de intensas discussões filosóficas e científicas com os demais participantes e obter "estímulos e inspiração" para tornar mais vigoroso o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioinformática da USP, por ele coordenado.

Fujita ressalta que a bioinformática é um campo interdisciplinar integrado por pesquisadores em matemática, ciência da computação, física, química, biologia, medicina e engenharia, entre outras. "As pessoas costumam definir a bioinformática como o estudo de big data de áreas da biologia com o uso de técnicas computacionais. Penso que poderíamos definir a bioinformática como o campo que usa inteligência artificial para descobrir como células e seres aprendem ou adquirem inteligência."

A proposta para a ICA4 de Patrícia, que integra o Grupo de Estudos em Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação em Saúde, é a adoção de um ponto de vista holístico na avaliação das contribuições da IA nos cuidados com a saúde, incluindo os impactos econômicos, éticos e sociais. De maneira mais específica, seu interesse são as implicações da incorporação da IA em políticas de saúde, processos de tomada de decisão e na igualdade do sistema de saúde brasileiro.

Entre suas expectativas em relação à ICA4 estão obter subsídios para o desenvolvimento de um projeto de pesquisa interdisciplinar sobre a importância da IA para a tomada de decisão em saúde.  Ela espera também aprender sobre procedimentos aplicáveis e ferramentas necessárias para ampliar o impacto de suas pesquisas e alavancar o desenvolvimento de sua carreira como líder de pesquisa.

O principal interesse de pesquisa de Cunha é a comunicação mediada por computador e o uso de métodos computacionais para a solução de problemas linguísticos, especialmente aqueles relacionados com linguística histórica, revitalização de línguas ameaçadas e neurociência da linguagem.

Na ICA4, ele pretende discutir as aplicações da ciência da linguagem em IA e os efeitos da tecnologia na comunicação humana, principalmente no que diz respeito à manipulação, extremismo e disseminação de desinformação no cenário corrente de pandemia e crise climática.

Mentoria

Os participantes contarão com o apoio de 17 mentores, todos eminentes pesquisadores de reconhecimento mundial em várias áreas científicas, filosofia e artes. Entre eles figuram a bióloga molecular Ada Yonath, do Instituto Weizmann, de Israel, Prêmio Nobel de Química de 2009; o economista Robert Aumann, ganhador do Prêmio Nobel de Economia de 2005, professor da Universidade Hebraica de Jerusalém, de Israel; o astrofísico e cosmólogo Martin Rees, Astrônomo Real Britânico e cofundador do Centro para o Estudo de Risco Existencial da Universidade de Cambridge; o neurologista e neurocientista António Damásio, especialista nos processos mentais subjacentes às emoções, aos sentimentos e à consciência; a cientista de computação Timnit Gebru, cofundadora do Black in AI, organização de apoio a pesquisadores e profissionais negros de IA, e uma das ex-líderes da equipe de pesquisa em inteligência artificial ética do Google; e o artista Zaven Paré, dedicado às novas mídias e robótica e colaborador do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Artes, Cultura e Linguagens da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora.

Os coordenadores da ICA4 são: Guilherme Ary Plonski, diretor do IEA e até recentemente coordenador do Conselho Diretivo da Ubias; Estevam Barbosa de Las Casas, diretor do Ieat-UFMG; Eliezer Rabinovici, professor do Instituto de Física da Universidade Hebraica de Jerusalém e proponente do projeto Intercontinental Academia; e Olivier Bouin, diretor da Rede Francesa de IEAs e novo coordenador do Conselho Diretivo da Ubias.

Fotos: Divulgação/4th Intercontinental Academia

"Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence" is the theme of the fourth edition of the Intercontinental Academia (ICA 4), which will have its opening sessions virtually held from June 13 to 18. The face-to-face sessions will take place next October in Paris and in June 2022 in Belo Horizonte.

The ICA is a project by UBIAS, an international network of institutes for advanced study linked to universities. Each edition is hosted by two institutes from different continents. ICA 4 has been organized by the Institute of Advanced Transdisciplinary Studies (IEAT) at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) and the Paris Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), a member of the French Network of Institutes for Advanced Studies (RFIEA).

Since implementing the project in 2015, the objective of UBIAS has been to create global networks of future research leaders to work together on paradigm shifts and transdisciplinary research under the mentorship of eminent researchers from around the world.

Brazilian participants of ICA 4: André Fujita, Patricia Coelho de Soárez, and Evandro Castro

According to the ICA 4 organizers, the edition will explore key interdisciplinary issues at the intersection of cognitive science, neuroscience, and artificial intelligence (AI). By highlighting the importance of the topic, they point out that decisive advancements have taken place in recent decades regarding the analysis of brain activity and its behavioral counterpart, as well as the information processing sciences. "Complementarities between neuroscience/cognitive science and AI make it possible to explore synergies and raise ethical issues between these disciplines, which involve enormous challenges and opportunities for societal progress."

In parallel to the second face-to-face session, scheduled for June 2022, a "satellite session" will be held at UFMG, with conferences and roundtables, and the participation of ICA 4 mentors and other guests from academia and the industry. There will be live streaming over the internet. Some of the topics covered in this session will be: "Fundamentals and Ethics of AI," "Intelligence and Rationality," "Cognition and Neurosciences," "Interdisciplinary Explorations of AI," and "AI and Health Sciences."

Participants

19 researchers working in universities and research institutes in Brazil, Germany, France, United Kingdom, Poland, United States, Japan, South Africa, Israel, and the Netherlands have been chosen out of the 60 candidates to participate in ICA 4 (23 of them Brazilians). The research areas of those selected include mathematics, computing, engineering, law, philosophy, linguistics, neuroscience, and history.

The representatives of Brazil are André Fujita (nominated by the IEA), from USP's Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), Patricia Coelho de Soárez (independently enrolled), from USP's Medical School (FM), and Evandro Cunha (nominated by the IEAT), from UFMG's Faculty of Languages, Literature, and Linguistics (FALE).

Fujita's expectation is to participate in intense philosophical and scientific discussions with the other participants, and obtain "stimulus and inspiration" to make the Postgraduate Program in Bioinformatics at USP, which he coordinates, more vigorous. He emphasizes that bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field integrated by researchers in mathematics, computer science, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, and engineering, among others. "People usually define bioinformatics as the big data study of areas of biology using computational techniques. I think we could define bioinformatics as the field that uses artificial intelligence to discover how cells and beings learn or acquire intelligence."

Soárez, who is a member of IEA's Study Group on Science, Technology, and Innovation in Health, proposes the adoption of a holistic point of view in evaluating the contributions of AI in health care, including economic, ethical, and social impacts. More specifically, her interest is the implications of incorporating AI into health policies, decision-making processes, and equality in the Brazilian health system. One of her expectations in relation to ICA 4 is to obtain subsidies for the development of an interdisciplinary research project on the importance of AI for decision-making in health. She also hopes to learn about applicable procedures and tools needed to broaden the impact of her research and advance her career development as a research leader.

Cunha's main research interest is computer-mediated communication and the use of computational methods for solving linguistic problems, especially those related to historical linguistics, revitalization of endangered languages, and language neuroscience. At ICA 4 he intends to discuss the applications of language science in AI and the effects of technology on human communication, particularly with regard to manipulation, extremism, and dissemination of disinformation in the current scenario of pandemic and climate crisis.

Mentoring

The participants will have the support of 17 mentors, all renowned researchers with worldwide recognition in various scientific areas, philosophy, and arts. Among them are molecular biologist Ada Yonath, from the Weizmann Institute, winner of the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, economist Robert Aumann, winner of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Economics and a professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, astrophysicist and cosmologist Martin Rees, Astronomer Royal and co-founder of the The Centre for the Study of Existential Risk at Cambridge University, neurologist and neuroscientist António Damásio, a specialist in the mental processes underlying emotions, feelings, and consciousness, computer scientist Timnit Gebru, co-founder of Black in AI, a support organization for black AI researchers and professionals, and one of the former leaders of Google's ethical artificial intelligence research team, and artist Zaven Paré, dedicated to new media and robotics, and a contributor to the Postgraduate Program in Arts, Culture, and Languages ​​at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora.

The coordinators of ICA 4 are Guilherme Ary Plonski, director of the IEA and former coordinator of UBIAS, Estevam Barbosa de Las Casas, director of the IEAT, Eliezer Rabinovici, a professor at The Racah Institute of Physics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and proponent of the Intercontinental Academia project, and Olivier Bouin, director of the RFIEA and new coordinator of UBIAS.

Photos: Intercontinental Academia

British cognitive scientist Donald Peterson is the new visiting professor at the IEA. For an initial period of one year, he will develop the research project "Life in the Cognitive Era." Until last year, he was a full professor of Computer Science at Shantou University in China.

Peterson covers logic, philosophy, psychology, and computer science. During his stay, he will conduct seminar-series and prepare publications in the area of the project. People of all disciplines and at all levels will be welcome at the seminars. One seminar-series will be on Cognitive Life, concerning issues of welfare, work, health, and education in an era of AI, robotics, and 5G communications. Another will be on Cognitive Computing, concerning the architecture, applications, and significance of systems such as IBM Watson.

In research, Peterson will focus on his concept of "epiduction" (a form of practical reason), and its relation with modern data conditions, the human brain, machine augmentation, and welfare.

Cogtech

Cognitive technologies (cogtech) are influencing life and work, and "we need a critical understanding of their opportunities and risks," says Peterson. Examples of cogtech are artificial intelligence, adaptive systems, big data analytics, humanoid robotics, person recognition, personalizing learning systems, and virtual reality.

According to Peterson, cogtech is complemented by innovations in biometrics, nanotechnology, 3D-printing, quantum computing, and by systems such as cryptocurrency and blockchain. Regarding systems theory, the new era involves "a shift toward more open systems, and their positive and negative potential effects."

Conditions associated with this shift include mass data, rapid change, global connectivity, and the cyborg interdependence of humans and machines. "We are shifting our course toward new ways of living and working, and the social and cultural implications of this change are radical and immanent." In Peterson's view, the task of policy in the cognitive era is to direct the use of cogtech to beneficial effects, rather than to classify the relevant technologies as inherently good or bad.

Peterson explains that this field of study is necessarily interdisciplinary: requiring both technical and critical knowledge, as being both theoretical and practical. "It is theoretical because it requires analytical structures such as systems theory and context-modulated reasoning, and it is practical because its issues will impact employment, mental health, education, work, communication, and quality of life."

Profile

Peterson holds a PhD in Philosophy from University College London, a Master's degree in Foundations of Advanced Information Technology from Imperial College London, and a Master's degree in Philosophy and Psychology from the University of Edinburgh.

Before becoming a full professor of the Department of Computer Science at Shantou University, he was Associate Professor in Computer Science and Head of Division at the University of Nottingham Ningbo China. He was previously Senior Lecturer in Information and Communication Technology at the University of London, and Lecturer in Cognitive Science and then in the Psychology of E-learning at the University of Birmingham. Peterson has previously inhabited two research labs: ECRC in Munich (The European Computer-Industry Research Center), and LKL (The London Knowledge Lab). He now joins an Institute of Advanced Study in the tradition established in Princeton in 1930 by Abraham Flexner. This tradition is deliberately multi-disciplinary, research-focussed, and, in the case of IEA-USP, oriented to social welfare as a practical outcome of research.

Peterson is the editor of "Forms of Representation: an Interdisciplinary Theme for Cognitive Science" (1996), which includes a chapter by Nobel Prize winner Herb Simon, co-editor of "Philosophy and Cognitive Science" (1993), and author of "Wittgenstein's Early Philosophy: Three Sides of the Mirror" (1990). He has also written 13 book chapters and published 10 articles in refereed journals.

Photo: Leonor Calasans / IEA-USP